Psychological aspects of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
Abstract
In this review article, we summarize the psychological aspects of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) that are used to treat cardiac arrhythmias and prevent sudden cardiac death. Depression, anxiety and stress are the most common psychological symptoms that occur in as many as one third of the ICD patients. Fears from unpredictable and painful shocks and fears that the ICD would not work are the main sources of these adverse symptoms. Satisfaction with the treatment has a positive impact on the overall quality of life, but it does not change significantly after the implantation. One of the factors influencing successful treatment is a satisfactory psychological status that may be positively affected by education, psychological consultations and interventions.
(Fulltext in Czech)
Keywords
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, depression, anxiety, quality of lifeLiterature
Bardy, G. H. et al. (2005). Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. The New England journal of medicine, 352, 225–237.
Baumert, J., Schmitt, C. & Ladwig, K. H. (2006). Psychophysiologic and affective parameters associated with pain intensity of cardiac cardioverter defibrillator shock discharges. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68, 591–597.
Bourke, J. P. et al. (1997). Florid psychopathology in patients receiving shocks from implanted cardioverter-defibrillators. Heart, 78, 581–583.
Carney, R. M. et al. (2002). Depression as a risk factor for cardiac mortality and morbidity: a review of potential mechanisms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 897–902.
Duru, F. et al. (2001). How different from pacemaker patients are recipients of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators with respect to psychosocial adaptation, affective disorders, and quality of life? Heart, 85, 375–379.
Dickstein, K. et al. (2010). Focused Update of ESC Guidelines on device therapy in heart failure. European Heart Journal, 31, 2677–2687.
Exner, D. V. et al. (2000). Defibrillator shocks and self-perceived quality of life in the antiarrhytmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID) trial. JACC, 2: 153A.
Francis, J. L. et al. (2009). Association between symptoms of depression and anxiety with heart rate variability in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Psychosomatic Medicine, 71, 821–827.
Fries, R. et al. (2002). Triggering effect of physical and mental stress on spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmia in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Clinical Cardiology, 25, 474–478.
Godemann, F. et al. (2004). Determinants of the quality of life (QoL) in patients with an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD). Quality of Life Research, 13, 411–416.
Godemann, F. et al. (2001). Classic conditioning and dysfunctional cognitions in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia treated with an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63 (2), 231–8.
Habibović, M. et al. (2012). Posttraumatic stress 18 months following cardioverter defibrillator implantation: Shocks, anxiety, and personality. Health Psychology, 31 (2): 186–193.
Habibović, M. et al. (2013). Anxiety and risk of ventricular arrhythmias or mortality in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Psychosomatic Medicine, 75 (1):36–41.
Heller, S. et al. (1998). Psychosocial outcome after ICD implantation: a current perspective. Pace, 21, 1207–1217. Hoogwegt, M. T. et al. (2012). Undertreatment of anxiety and depression in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: Impact on health status. Health Psychology, 31 (6):745–753.
Chevalier P et al. (2006). Prevention of implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock by cognitive behavioral therapy: A pilot trial. American Heart Journal, 151(1), 191e1–191e6.
Kalbfleisch, K. R. et al. (1989). Reemployment following implantation of the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. American Journal of Cardiology, 32, 238–243.
Kuhl, E. A. et al. (2006). Measurement of patient fears about implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock: An initial evaluation of the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 29(6), 614–618.
Irvine, J. et al. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy tailored to psychological adaptation to an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73 (3): 226–233.
Ladwig, K. H. et al. (2005). Characteristics associated with low treatment satisfaction in patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillators: results from the LICAD study. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 28:506–513.
Lampert, R., et al. (2002). Emotional and physical precipitants of ventricular arrhythmia. Circulation, 106, 1800–1805.
Lüderitz, B., et al. (1993). Patient acceptance of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator in ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 16, 1815–1821.
Maryniak, A. et al. (2009). Anxiety and depression among the patients with frequent implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharges. International Journal of Cardiology, 132 (2), e80–81.
Meechan, J. G., Robb, N. D. & Seymour, R. A. (1998). Pain and anxiety control for the conscious dental patient. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Moss, A. J. et al. (2002). Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. The New England journal of medicine, 346, 877–883.
Namerow, P. B. et al. (1999). Quality of life six month after CABG surgery in patients randomized to ICD versus non ICD therapy: Finding from the CABG Patch Trial. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 22, 1305–1313.
Pedersen, S. S., van den Broek, K. C. & Sear, S. F. (2007). Psychological intervention following implantation of an implantable defibrillator: a review and future recommendations. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 30, 1546–54.
Petrowski, K., et al. (2013). Pre-hospital discharge testing of defibrillator without anesthesia: Effects on psychological symptoms during clinical follow-Up. Psychosomatic Medicine, 75 (7): 640–649.
Sears, S. F. (1999). Examining the psychosocial impact of implantable cardioverter defibrillators: A literature review. Clinical Cardiology, 22, 481–489.
Sears, S. F., Conti, J. B. (2002). Quality of life and psychological functioning of ICD patients. Heart, 87, 488–493.
Sears, S. F., Conti, J.B. (2003). Understanding implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock and storms: medical and psychosocial considerations. Clinical Cardiology, 26: 107–111.
Sears, S. F. et al. (2005). Predictors of quality of life in patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillators. Psychosomatics, 46, 451–457.
Schöhls, W., Trappe, H. & Lichtlen, P. R. (1994). Acceptance and quality of life after implantation of an automatic cardioverter/defibrillator. Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie, 83, 927–932.
Stankoweit, B. et al. (1997). Quality of life after implantation of an automatic cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) – Results of an empirical study of 132 ICD patients. Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie, 6, 460–468.
Starrenburg, A. H. et al. (2013). Association of psychiatric history and type D personality with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and health status prior to ICD implantation. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20 (3), 425–433.
Thomas, S. A., Friedmann, E. & Kelley, F. J. (2001). Living with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: A review of the current literature related to psychosocial factors. Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute & Critical Care, 12 (1), 156–163.
Van der Broek, K. C. et al. (2011). (The distressed (type D) personality in both patients and partners enhances the risk of emotional distress in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Journal of Affective Disorders, 130 (3): 447–453.
Whang, W. et al. (2005). Depression as a predictor for appropriate shock among patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: results from the triggers of ventricular arrhythmias (TOVA) study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45, 1090–1095.