Selected personality characteristics and coping strategies as predictors of life satisfaction of the eldres
Abstract
The study deals with the predictors of life satisfaction among people in the early aging. The goal of the presented study was to determine how selected personality characteristics and coping strategies predict life satisfaction of the elders. The research sample consisted of 130 seniors, including 55 men and 75 women. To determine the degree of life satisfaction we used the Life Satisfaction Scale SWLS, extraversion and neuroticism, we investigated by personal inventory NEO-FFI and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire SVF 78 was used on the assessment of coping strategies. Regression analysis confirmed that neuroticism was significant predictor of life satisfaction of the elders which explained 9 % of variance of life satisfaction of the elders and strategies of the diversion (strategy diversion and spare satisfaction strategy) which explained 13 % of the total variance of life satisfaction of the elders.
(Fulltext in Slovak)
Keywords
extraversion, neuroticism, coping strategies, life satisfactionLiterature
Blatný, M. (2005). Osobnostní předpoklady sebehodnocení a životní spokojenosti: shody a rozdíly. In Blatný, M., Dosedlová, J., Kebza, V., & Šolcová, I. (Eds.), Psychosociální souvislosti osobní pohody, (83–107). Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
Blatný, M. a kol. (2010). Psychologie osobnosti : hlavní témata, současné přístupy. Praha: Grada. Blatný, M., & Osecká, L. (1998). Zdroje sebehodnocení a životní spokojenosti: Osobnost a strategie zvládání. Československá psychologie, 42, 385–394.
Boyce, C. J., Wood, A. M., & Powdthavee, N. (2013). Is personality fixed? Personality changes as much as ‘‘variable’’ economic indicators and more strongly predicts changes to life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 111, 287–305.
Cantril H. (1965). The pattern of human concern. Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick, NJ.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO Personality lnventory manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197–229.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 42–575.
Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31, 103–157.
Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (1998). Subjective well-being and age: an international analysis. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 17, 304–324.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302.
Diener, E. (2000): Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55, 56–67.
Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oischi, L. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In Snyder, C.R., & Lopez, S. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology, 63–73. New York: Oxford University Press.
Downe-Wamboldt, B. (1991). Coping and life satisfaction in elderly women with osteoarthritis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16, 1328–1335.
Džuka, J. (1997). Model aktuálnej a habituálnej subjektívnej pohody. Československá psychologie, 41, 385–398. Džuka, J., & Dalbert, C. (2000). Well-being as a psychological indicator of health in old age: A research agenda. Studia psychologica, 42, 61–70.
Džuka, J. & Dalbert, C. (2002). Vývoj a overenie validity škál emocionálnej habituálnej subjektívnej pohody (SHSP). Československá psychologie, 46, 234–250.
Easterlin, A., R. (2001). Income and happiness: towards a unified theory. The Economic Journal, 111, 465–484.
Ficková, E. (2003). Zvládanie stresu vo vzťahu k dimenziám osobnosti mladších a starších žien. In Ruiselová, Z. (Eds.), Zvládanie záťaže a adjustácia v kontexte veku a osobnosti, (73–84). Bratislava: Ústav experimentálnej psychológie SAV.
Hamarat, E., Thompson, D., Zabrucky, K. M., Steele, D., & Matheny, K. B. (2001). Perceived stress and coping resource availability as predictors of life satisfaction in young, middle-aged, and older Adults. Experimental Aging Research, 27, 181–196.
Headey, B., & Wearing, A. (1989). Personality, life events, and subjective well-being: toward a dynamic equilibrium model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 731–739.
Heller, D., Ilies, R., & Watson, D. (2004). The role of person versus situation in life satisfaction: A critical examination. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 574– 600.
Hnilica, K. (2005). Věk, pohlaví a kvalita života. In Payne, J., Kvalita života a zdraví. Praha: Triton.
Hotard, S. R., McFather, R. M., McWhirter, R. M., & Stegall, M. E. (1989). Interactive effects of extraversion, neuroticism and social relationships on subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 321–331.
Hrozenská, M. a kol. (2008). Sociálna práca so staršími ľuďmi a jej teoreticko- praktické východiská. Martin : Osveta.
Janke, W., & Erdmanová, G. (2003). Strategie zvládání stresu – SVF 78. Praha: Testcentrum.
Lašek, J. (2004). Subjektivní životní spokojenost u tři věkových skupín respondentů. Československá psychologie, 48, 215–223.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.
Lucas, R. E., & Donnellan, M. B. (2009). Age differences in personality: Evidence from a nationally representative Australian sample. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1353–1363.
Magee, CH.A, Miller, M.L., & Heaven, P.C.L. (2013). Personality trait change and life satisfaction in adults: The roles of age and hedonic balance. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 694–698.
Mastekaasa, A. (1995). Age variations in the suicide rates and self-reported subjective well being of married and never married persons. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 5, 21–39.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr., P. T. (1986). Personality, coping, and coping effectiveness in an adult sample. Journal of Personality, 54, 385–405.
Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A. (2005). Change in Life Satisfaction During Adulthood: Findings From the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 189–202.
O’Brien, R. M. (2007). A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Quality & Quantity, 41, 673–690.
Pargament, K. (1990). God help me: Toward a theoretical framework of coping for the psychology of religion. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 2, 195–224.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction with Life scale. Psychological Assessment, 5, 164–172.
Pittenger, D. J. (2004). The limitations of extracting typologies from trait measures of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 779–787.
Rodný, T., & Rodná, K. (2001). Dotazník životní spokojenosti. Praha: Testcentrum.
Roberts, B. W., & Mroczek, D. (2008). Personality trait change in adulthood. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 31–35.
Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006). Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 1–25.
Schimmack, U., Oishi, S., Furr, M. R., Funder, D. C. (2004). Personality and life satisfaction: A Facet-Level Analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1062–1075.
Specht, J., Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S. C. (2011). Stability and change of personality across the life course: The impact of age and major life events on mean-level and rank-order stability of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 862–882.
Terracciano, A., McCrae, R. R., Brant, L. J., & Costa, P. T. (2005). Hierarchical linear modeling analyses of the NEO-PI-R scales in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Psychology and Aging, 20, 493–506.
Uhláriková, J. (2010). Analýza životnej spokojnosti adolescentov v kontexte rodiny a rodinného prostredia. E-psychologie [online], 4, 10–18. Dostupné z http://e-psycholog.eu/…larikova.pdf
Vollrath, M., & Torgersen, S. (2000). Personality types and coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 367–378.
Vittersø, J. (2001). Personality traits and subjective well-being: emotional stability, not extraversion is probably the important predictor. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 903–914.