Is the type D personality risky in terms of burnout syndrome development?
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the association between the type D personality and the burnout syndrome among students of healthcare professions. In this context, the Type D personality is considered as negative factor with regard to the burnout syndrome due to negative affectivity and problematic social interactions typical for this type of personality. The research sample included 97 university students of psychology, nursing and midwifery (95.9 % females; age 20.2±1.49). Type D Personality Subscale (NS 14), and School Burnout Inventory (SBI) were used. Results were processes using the linear regression models and Student’s t-test as statistical methods. The negative affectivity subscale of Type D questionnaire significantly predicted the burnout syndrome in our sample (β = 0,53; 95 % CI: 0,41;0,92), however, the social inhibition subscale was not found to be a significant burnout predictor. Total explained variance in the linear regression model was 26.9 %. Students who were identified as Type D personality scored significantly higher in the burnout syndrome questionnaire (t= –2.58 p<0,01). Results of the study results indicate that individuals with the Type D personality are at elevated risk for the burnout syndrome. The type D personality is characterized by using maladaptive coping strategies in stress situations, thus specialized intervention programs targeted on increasing of the social skills including positive coping strategies should be included in burnout prevention programs, especially for those who are at higher risk of the burnout development.
(Fulltext in Slovak)
Keywords
Type D personality, burnout syndrome, studentsLiterature
Alarcon, G., Eschleman, KJ., & Bowling, NA. (2009). Relationships between personality variables and burnout: A meta-analysis. Work & Stress, 23, 244–263.
Armon, G. (2014). Type D personality and job burnout: The moderating role of physical activity. Personality and Individual Differences, 58, 112–115.
Bánovčinová, Ľ., Škodová, Z., & Bubeníková, M. (2010). Výskyt D typu osobnosti u študentov pomáhajúcich profesií. Kontakt, 12, 193–198.
Breso, E, Schaufeli, WB., & Salanova, M. (2011). Can a self-efficacy-based intervention decrease burnout, increase engagement, and enhance performance? A quasi-experimental study. Higer Education, 61, 339–355.
Bria, M., Bȃban, A., & Dumitraşcu, D. L. (2012). Systematic review of burnout risk factors among european healthcare professionals. Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal, 16, 423–452. Dostupné na https://www.researchgate.net/…a3000000.pdf
Denollet, J. (2005). DS14: Standard Assessment of Negative Affectivity, Social Inhibition, and Type D Personality. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 89–97.
Ďurka, R., & Ruch, W. (2014). Osobnosť typu D v populácii slovenských univerzitných študentov: Psychometrické kvality dotazníka DS14. Československá psychologie, 58, 62–71.
Galan, F., Sanmartin, A., Polo, J., & Giner, L. (2011). Burnout risk in medical students in Spain using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey. International Archives of Occupational and Environmenatl Health, 84, 453–459.
Galbraight, ND., & Brown, KE. (2011). Assessing intervention effectiveness for reducing stress in student nurses: quantitative systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67,709–721.
Geuens, N., Braspenning, M., Van Bogaert, P., & Franck, E. (2015). Individual vulnerability to burnout in nurses: The role of Type D personality within different nursing specialty areas. Burnout Research, 2, 80–86.
IsHak, W., Nikravesh, R., Lederer, S., Perry, R., Ogunyemi, D., & Bernstein, C. (2013). Burnout in medical students: a systematic review. The Clinical Teacher, 10, 242–245.
Karlsson, MR., Edstrom-Pluss, C., Held, C., Henriksson, P., Billing, E., & Wallen, N. H. (2007). Effects of expanded cardiac rehabilitation on psychosocial status in coronary artery disease with focus on type D characteristics. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, 253–261.
Mols, F., & Denollet, J. (2010). Type D personality in the general population: a systematic review of health status, mechanisms of disease, and work-related problems. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 8, doi: 10.1186/1477–7525–8–9.
Montero-Marin, J., Prado-Abril, J, Piva Demarzo, M.M, Gascon, S., & Garcıa-Campayo, J. (2014). Coping with Stress and Types of Burnout: Explanatory Power of Different Coping Strategies. PLoS ONE, 9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089090
Mutkins, E., Brown, RF., & Thorsteinsson, EB. (2011). Stress, depression, workplace and social supports and burnout in intellectual disability support staff. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 55, 500–510.
Nyklicek, I., van Beugen, S., & Denollet, J. (2013). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on distressed (Type D) personality traits: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 36, 361–370.
Ogińska Bulik, N. (2006). Occupational stress and its consequences in healthcare professionals: the role of type D personality. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 19, 113–122.
Pedersen, S. S., & Denollet, J. (2003). Type D personality, cardiac events, and impaired quality of life: a review. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, 10, 241–8.
Polman, R., Borkoles, E., & Nicholls, A. R. (2010). Type D personality, stress, and symptoms of burnout: The influence of avoidance coping and social support. British Journal of Health Psychology, 15, 681–696.
Salmela-Aro, K., Kiuru, N., Leskinen, E., & Nurmi, J. E. (2009). School burnout inventory (SBI) reliability and validity. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25, 48–57.
Škodová, Z., & Paceková, I. (2012). Sociálno-psychologický výcvik ako metóda prevencie syndrómu vyhorenia v pomáhajúcich profesiách. E-psychologie, 6(2), 1–8. Dostupný z http://e-psycholog.eu/…pacekova.pdf
Vargas, C., Cañadas, GA., Aguayo, R., Fernández, R., & de la Fuente, EI. (2014). Which occupational risk factors are associated with burnout in nursing? A meta-analytic study. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 14, 28–38.