Ayahuasca experiences in Europe – motivation, potential benefits and danger

Veronika Kavenská
Šárka Vosáhlová

Abstract

The study is about experiences of Czech participants of the Ayahuasca sessions taking place in Europe. Owing to the expansion of spiritual tourism, some people seek the experience with the hallucinogenic vine Ayahuasca in particular. This plant is used during Ayahuasca sessions, usually led by a shaman coming from South America. The purpose of the research of this work is to investigate the motivations of the participants, the form of ceremonies taking place in Europe, mental experience of the participants, and last but not least how they evaluate their experience. It is a qualitative research. The research file consists of twenty participants. The results bring a fundamental insight into this problem – involving several categories of motivation, describing the ceremony, including its organization part, and illustrating mental experience of the participants. Although the participants mentioned only positive experiences, it is necessary to take into consideration the risk associated with this phenomenon.

(Fulltext in Czech)

Keywords

halucinogens, ayahuasca, spiritual tourism

Literature

Aedo, F. N. C. (2009). Contribución de los estados modificados de conciencia facilitados por la experiencia con Ayahuasca en la rehabilitación de drogdependientes de la comunidad terapéutica Takiwasi [Contribution of the altered stades of consciousness facilitated by the experience with Ayahuasca in the drugdependents rehabilitation in the therapeutic community Takiwasi]. Unpublished master´s thesis. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Barbosa, P. C. R., Giglio, J. S., & Dalgalarrondo, P. (2005). Altered States of Consciousness and Short-Term Psychological After-Effects Induced by the First Time Ritual Use of Ayahuasca in an Urban Context in Brazil. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 37(2), 193–201.

Bowie, F. (2008). Antropologie náboženství. Praha: Portál.

Callaway, J. C., Raymon, L. P., Hearn W. L., McKenna D. J., Grob, Ch. S., Brito, G. S., et al. (1996). Quantitaion of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and hamala alkaloids in human plasma after oral dosing with ayahuasca. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 20, 492–497.

Dobkin de Rios, M. (1994). Drug Tourism in the Amazon. Anthropology of Consciousness, 5(1),16–19.

Dobkin de Rios, M., & Rumrrill, R. (2008). A hallucinogen tea, laced with controversy. London: Praeger Publishers.

Eliade, M. (1997). Šamanismus a nejstarší techniky extáze. Praha: Argo.

Fotiou, M. (2010). From medicine men to day trippers: Shamanic tourism in Iquitos, Peru. Unpublished dissertation. University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

Furst, P. T. (1996). Halucinogeny a kultura. Praha: DharmaGaia a Maťa. Giove, R. (2002). La liana de los muertos al rescante de la vida [Vine of dead like redemption of the life]. Tarapoto: Takiwasi.

Ferjenčík, J. (2010). Úvod do metodologie psychologického výzkumu. Praha: Portál.

Hariss, R., & Gurel, L. (2012). A Study of Ayahuasca Use in North America. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 44(3), 209–215.

Homan, J. E. (2011). Charlatans, Seekers, And Shamans: The Ayahuasca Boom in Western Peruvian Amazonia. Unpublished master´s thesis. University of Kansas, USA.

Hendl, J. (2008). Kvalitativní výzkum. Základní teorie, metody a aplikace. Praha: Portál.

Hendl, J. (2009). Přehled statistických metod. Analýza a metaanalýza dat. Praha: Portál.

Horák, M. (2010). Případ Takiwasi. Nepublikovaná disertační práce. Praha: Univerzita Karlova.

Kavenská, V. (2012). Léčba v centru Takiwasi a její vliv na proces formování vztahu k sobě. Nepublikovaná disertační práce. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého.

Krippner, S., & Sulla, J. (2011). SpiritualContent in Experiential Reports from Ayahuasca Sessions. NeuroQuantology, 9(2), 333–350.

Llamazares, A. M., & Sarasola, C. M. (2003). Principales plantas sagradas de Sudamérica [The principal sacred plants of South America]. Butlletí Informatiu. Revista de Etnopsicología (Societat d’Etnopsicología Aplicada i Estudis Cognitius), 2, 9–22.

Lewis, S. E. (2009). Ayahuasca and Spiritual Crisis: Liminality as Space for Personal Growth. Anthropology of Consciousness, 19(2), 109–133.

Luke, D. (2011). Discarnate entities and dimethyltryptamine (DMT): Psychopharmacology, phenomenology and ontology. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 75, 26–42.

Luna, L. E. (2002). Vegetalismo. Šamanismus mezi mestickým obyvatelstvem peruánské Amazonie. Praha: DharmaGaia.

Luna, L. E. (2011). Indigenous and mestizo use of ayahuasca. An overview. In R. G. Dos Santos (Ed.)., The Ethnopharmacology of Ayahuasca. Kerala: Transworld Research Network.

Mabit, J., Campos, J., & Arce, J. (1992). Consideraciones acerca del brebaje ayahuasca y perspectivas terapeuticas [Considerations about the beverage ayahuasca and therapeutic perspectives]. Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 55, 188–131.

McKenna, D. J., Towers, G. H. N., & Abbott, F. (1984). Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in South American Hallucinogenic Plants: Tryptamine and beta-Carboline Constituents of Ayahuasca. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 10, 195–223.

Narby, J. (2006). Kosmický had. Praha: Rybka Publishers.

Owen, B. J. (2006). Marketing mysticism and the purchase of pilgrimage: The rise of spiritual tourism in Cusco and Iquitos, Peru. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, USA.

Riba, J., Valle, M., Urbano, G., Yritia, M., Morte, A., & Barbanoj M. R. (2003). Human pharmacoology of Ayahuasca: Subjective and cardiovascular effects, monoamine metabolite excretion, and pharmakinetics. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 306, 1, 73–83. Dostupné na WWW: < http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/…ull.pdf+html>.

Sánchez T. Y. (2001). Estudio químico de la liana ayahuasca (Banisteriopsis Spruce ex. Grisbach Morton) [The chemical study of the ayahuasca vine]. Unpublished master´s thesis, Universidad nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru.

Schultes, R. E., & Hofmann, A. (1996). Rostliny bohů. Jejich posvátná, léčebná a halucinogenní moc. Praha: Maťa.

Strassman, R. a kol. (2010). Vnitřní cesty do vnějšího vesmíru. Praha: Dybbuk.

Winkelman, M. (2007). Alternative and traditional medicine approaches for substance abuse programs: a shamanic perspective. International Journal of Drug Policy, 12 (4), 337–351.

Show all Hide