Jak souvisí stres, nedůvěra a nedodržování protiepidemických opatření? – Konstruktivistický pohled na negativní jevy pandemické doby
Abstrakt
Dodržování protiepidemických opatření určuje, jak se společnost vypořádá s pandemií nového koronaviru. K objasnění, proč někteří lidé opatření nedodržují, využíváme teorii osobních konstruktů. Ta předpokládá, že stresující události v pandemii invalidizují do té doby smysluplný obraz světa (konzistentní konstruování). Pokud se jedinec snaží invalidizované konstruování zachovat místo jeho změny, uplatňuje strategii hostility – například devalvuje informace a názory, které jsou s jeho/jejím konstruováním nekompatibilní. Tím dochází k upevňování nedůvěřivých postojů vůči institucím a k nerespektování opatření, která vyhlašují. Tento model konfrontujeme s informacemi z rozhovorů s 20 respondenty. Analýza dospěla k pěti kategoriím, které odráží, jak respondenti pandemické situaci rozumí: zodpovědnost, kritika, odstup, produktivní dialog, neproduktivní dialog. Respondentky z kategorie „kritika“ čelily výrazným stresujícím/invalidizujícím změnám. Své kritické postoje k protiepidemickým opatřením udržovaly prostřednictvím hostilního pohledu na osoby s jiným názorem a prostřednictvím nedůvěry v instituce a média. Většina ostatních respondentů opatření dodržovala. Ve svém pohledu na pandemickou situaci brali v potaz různé perspektivy, neuplatňovali hostilní pohled a vyjadřovali určité porozumění lidem s jinými názory. Hostilita tedy může být základním neadaptivním mechanizmem k udržení smysluplného obrazu světa v nepřehledné pandemické době, která však vede k nedůvěře, společenské polarizaci a nedodržování opatření.
https://doi.org/10.29364/epsy.433
Klíčová slova
covid-19, stres, nedůvěra, společenská polarizace, nedodržování opatření, socialita, teorie osobních konstruktůLiteratura
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